![]() This manganese ion is housed within a hexagonal structure made of YInO 3 and every iteration of the structure contains a chromophore. That Mn 3+ serves as the chromophore, the part of a substance responsible for color. The composition takes on a stable crystal structure, with a positively charged Mn 3+ ion - a manganese atom that has lost three of its negatively charged electrons - at the center. This blue’s structure is also noteworthy. While these additions alter the color’s shade and how it reflects visible light, they don’t change its chemical composition. ![]() Adding black, which absorbs light, will darken it. Adding white, which reflects light, will lighten the color’s shade. Subramanian’s group found that YIn 0.8 Mn 0.2 O 3 yields the resplendent blue.Ĭhanging a pigment’s chemical structure to change its color is different from simply changing the shade of blue. Rather, they represent the constant ratio of indium to manganese within the compound. Those decimals, by the way, don’t refer to a fraction of a single atom. For example, YIn 0.95 Mn 0.05 O 3, makes the pigment a pale, powdery blue however, YInMnO 3 is nearly black. As that ratio changes, the pigment’s color intensity changes too. YInMn Blue’s formula is YIn 1-x Mn x O 3, but the ratio of indium to manganese can be adjusted. For example, indigo’s chemical composition is C 16 H 10 N 2 O 2, with its elements in that specific ratio. Like any other substance, pigments are composed of elements. And Subramanian, thanks to his expertise in industry research that includes paint development, knew this was no ordinary pigment. In the process, however, Smith cooked up a whole new color. Graduate student Andrew Smith heated manganese oxide to 1,200 degrees Celsius trying to produce a high-efficiency electronic material. Named for three of its constituent elements - yttrium, indium and manganese - YInMn ( pronounced yin-min) Blue was created accidentally in an Oregon State University lab, where chemists led by Mas Subramanian were testing electronics applications. This vivid hue was first made in 2009, but only recently became commercially available. What’s your favorite shade of blue? Teal? Robin’s egg? Your new front-runner might be YInMn Blue, the first new blue pigment developed since cobalt blue more than 200 years ago (though cobalt blue had been employed in Chinese potteries for centuries before). Darwin, crayons, and squid sperm Scienceline Editors
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